Your BI vendor is working With you, not For you

In the past years I’ve had the opportunity to work on both sides of the BI vendor table, as both the consumer and the retailer. I’ve seen many projects succeed, some projects fail, and some projects that seem to surpass all expectations and all parties involved are delighted. The latter group of success stories all have one common factor: TEAMWORK

These successful BI implementations often end with kindred feelings of friendship and it all starts with the attitudes of the two parties involved. When you approach your BI vendor as a team mate it is easier to see that you both have the same goal: a smooth, successful BI implementation.

This means that both sides will need to do their due diligence. Roles are not always clearly defined and a team work attitude will encourage flexibility. Your BI vendor will not always be an expert on the content of your data, so be prepared to source internally for validation stages.

Consider the two options for communicating with your BI vendor below:

Teammate Attitude: Our data doesn’t look correct, let’s investigate to see where the problem might be.
Authoritative attitude: Your data is wrong, you need to fix it so that we can go live, this project is already behind.

The teammate attitude opens up the opportunity for further conversation. As a BI vendor I will be able to request specific examples of inaccuracies and I will feel comfortable asking for help if the data appears to be non-standard.

The authoritative attitude shuts down any potential for creative problem solving right away. The assumption behind this statement is that the BI vendor did something wrong and is aware of how to fix it. What super-techie, number-crunching, data-loving nerd would knowingly choose to display inaccurate data? Ahhh! Sounds like a nightmare for any data guru.

Remember, when you’re shopping for your BI vendor, you are shopping for a partnership, not a dine and dash vendor. The earlier you help cultivate that partnership, the smoother your BI implementation will go (assuming you pick an awesome vendor to work with).

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Business Intelligence User Adoption: Baby Steps

In the past I’ve written a few posts that discuss dealing with the challenge of user adoption when introducing a new business intelligence solution.

Recently I have encountered some scenarios that have challenged my ego and my desires to produce solutions that I feel are extensible and efficient. I continue to learn more about the psychology that is involved when users are asked to abandon their old processes and adopt a new (and in my opinion better) way to accomplish their tasks. So here is my dilemma: I can either continue with my stubborn ideas of implementing best practice solutions or I can bend (can you do the limbo?) and design a process that caters to the users’ comfort levels.

Which one to choose? In this scenario you would need a significant amount of power and influence within your organization to override the user preferences for their work tasks (covering many departments throughout your organization) and replace those processes with your own design and plan. In addition, even if you happen to have this type of clout at your organization this iron fist approach will likely just cause resentment and rebellion – resulting in little to no user adoption.

Baby steps…You’ve done your research, you see multiple ways that tedious manual processes can be streamlined, but your users aren’t quite ready to make this leap. If you are like me this may be challenging. You may be thinking “really, you want me to implement a design that I don’t think is the best solution?” and my humble reply is yes, sometimes. I swallow hard as I write this because admittedly I am still having trouble accepting this concept.

Selling your solution to the users in your organization is a psychological process as much as it is a technical process. Consider this scenario: Users currently present KPI trends and results to executives based on manual entry into spreadsheets. They may incorporate some charts and include some complex macros that beef up the technicality of the spreadsheet, but ultimately they are still relying on manual entry. To me this method screams risks of human error, potentially lost data, lack of historical storage, and difficult data retrieval… Ahhhhh!

From my perspective I see the best solution for generating these KPIs in a consistent and reliable manner is to pull the data from the sources into the data warehouse and then generate automated reports or create dashboards for users and executives. (Seems obvious right?) However the reality is that for most end users this would be a dramatic transition, even if it ultimately means less work. They may also be worried about their jobs no longer being necessary. So, it may be going against everything you feel is “right” about a business intelligence design but I recommend taking baby steps here.

First you may want to try a simple solution that utilizes your data warehouse while still allowing the user to remain in complete control of the data that is inserted and reported on. If they are used to using a spreadsheet as their data entry point then a possible solution is to provide a SharePoint list that resembles their current data entry format. Allow the users to continue their manual entry while also becoming familiar with the SharePoint structure (or other collaboration BI tools you may be using). You will be able to extract this data into your data warehouse and generate reports/dashboards while also maintaining history.

The lesson: Don’t take away all of the users’ control at once. Trust is a slow process and ultimately you need your users to trust the data that lives in your data warehouse. When they are able to create useful reports by pulling the data from the data warehouse (that they essentially manually entered) then they will slowly grow an affection for the structure and will hopefully over time begin to ask you how other processes can be streamlined. You may be the BI guru, but ultimately you users will end up being the ones who set the pace.

Exactly what is a Slowly Changing Dimension (SCD)?

Just the sound of the phrase “slowly changing dimension“ can sound quite intimidating when uttered in a technical meeting, but you might be shocked at how simple this concept really is. In fact, it has nothing to do with shifts or alterations in the universe at all. J

If you are involved in data warehousing you should have a firm grasp of SCDs as they will be necessary to structure your data in a meaningful way that takes advantage of the capabilities of a data warehouse; specifically when you wish to store historical data rather than simply overwriting a record. So, let’s break it down:

Slowly Changing Dimensions: Dimensions in your DW that include attributes that will gradually change over a period of time.

There are three types:

Type I – Overwrite old values: The old record is completely over written by the new record. Type I is used when you have no desire to store the historical attributes of the record.

Type II – Create an additional record: The old record will be kept and a new record will be inserted. Type II is used when you wish to store the historical attributes of the record.

Type III – Create new fields: This type creates new fields in the record to maintain the history and the current values of the specific attributes in the record.

Below are examples of how to use each type. In this example the price of a product is changing.

Type I: The old values are over written

Product price in 2011

Product price in 2012

Type II: A new record is created.

Product price in 2011

Product price in 2012

As you can see in the above example there are a few problems with the structure of the table. When using a type II SCD you will need to add a couple of basic fields to effectively track the historical records. There are several possibilities, but the idea is to be able to differentiate between the two records. Also you may notice that there are two identical IDs for this record. That is OK. This is still the same product so a common identifier is necessary. We will be able to narrow down our selection criteria by choosing the active record. A more realistic type II record would look like the below.

Product price in 2012

Type III: New fields are inserted

Product price in 2011

Product price in 2012

There are many scenarios in business where each of these SCD types will be useful. The most common are types I and II because type III can only store a limited amount of historical data.

I hope that this explanation has helped to simplify your understanding of how to use slowly changing dimensions in data warehousing.